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The MAC function is also a one-way hash function, but with the addition of a secret key. The HASH function included with DBMS_CRYPTO, is a one-way hash function that you can use to generate a hash value from either RAW or LOB data. Hash values are similar to "file fingerprints" and are used to ensure data integrity. If the second hash value is identical to the first one, then the data has not been altered. When she retrieves the stored data at a later date, she can again run the hash function against it, using the same algorithm. For example, before storing data, Laurel runs DBMS_CRYPTO.HASH against the stored data to create a hash value. You can use hash values to verify whether data has been altered. Note that hash values should be at least 128 bits in length to be considered secure. It is easy to compute a hash value from an input message, but it is extremely difficult to generate an input message that hashes to a particular value. One-way hash functions work in one direction only. Hash functions operate on an arbitrary-length input message, and return a fixed-length hash value. This package includes two different types of one-way hash functions: the HASH function and the MAC function.
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When to Use Hash or Message Authentication Code (MAC) Functions Data of type VARCHAR2 must be converted to RAW before you can use DBMS_CRYPTO functions to encrypt it. In contrast, the ENCRYPT and DECRYPT functions are used to encrypt and decrypt RAW datatypes. The procedures are used to encrypt or decrypt LOB datatypes (overloaded for CLOB and BLOB datatypes). This package includes both ENCRYPT and DECRYPT procedures and functions. When to Use Hash or Message Authentication Code (MAC) FunctionsĪbout Generating and Storing Encryption Keys When to Use Encrypt and Decrypt Procedures or Functions AES keys must be 128, 192, or 256 bits in length. DES keys must be at least 8 bytes (64 bits).ĪES keys: Specified key size is not supported. The encryption key has not been specified or contains a NULL value.ĭES keys: Specified key size is too short.
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No value has been specified for the cipher suite to be used. The specified cipher suite is not defined. Table 24-9 DBMS_CRYPTO Exceptions Exception Parameters for the DBMS_CRYPTO subprograms use these datatypes: You can then grant package access to existing users and roles as needed. Oracle Database installs this package in the SYS schema. It is not recommended that you use these algorithms because they do not provide the same level of security as provided by 3DES, AES, MD5, or SHA-1. Specifically, 3DES_2KEY and MD4 are provided for backward compatibility. Table 24-1 DBMS_CRYPTO and DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT Feature Comparison Package FeatureĬryptographic pseudo-random number generatorĭBMS_CRYPTO is intended to replace the DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT, providing greater ease of use and support for a range of algorithms to accommodate new and existing systems. Table 24-1 lists the DBMS_CRYPTO package features in comparison to the other PL/SQL encryption package, the DBMS_OBFUSCATION_TOOLKIT. You can choose from several padding options, including PKCS (Public Key Cryptographic Standard) #5, and from four block cipher chaining modes, including Cipher Block Chaining (CBC). MD5 and SHA-1 Message Authentication Code (MAC)īlock cipher modifiers are also provided with DBMS_CRYPTO. The following cryptographic algorithms are supported:ĭata Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES, 2-key and 3-key) In addition, it provides Globalization Support for encrypting data across different database character sets.
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Specifically, it supports BLOBs and CLOBs. The DBMS_CRYPTO package enables encryption and decryption for common Oracle datatypes, including RAW and large objects ( LOBs), such as images and sound. To use this package correctly and securely, a general level of security expertise is assumed.
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DBMS_CRYPTO contains basic cryptographic functions and procedures.